Iodine solutions or tablets- kills bacteria and bad stuff that might be in the water
Chlorine bleach- kills bactaria and bad stuff that might be in the water
Boiling- kills bad stuff that might be in the water
water filters- filters out bad stuff that might be in the water, also filters out other things. It may or may not be able to filter out bad chemicals.
Distilation- this requires lots of energy but yields the purest water. Basically you boil water and let the steam go into another container, so all the bad stuff including metals and most chemicals are gone
catching rain- this also yields drinkable water, depending on what the rain hit first before you caught it.
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